• Annual Volume and Distribution of Physical Training in Norwegian Female Cross-Country Skiers and Biathletes: A Comparison Between Sports, Competition Levels, and Age Categories — The Female Endurance Athlete Project 

      Osborne, John Owen; Solli, Guro Strøm; Engseth, Tina Pettersen; Welde, Boye; Morseth, Bente; Noordhof, Dionne Adriana; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher; Andersson, Bror Erik Petrus (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-11)
      Purpose To describe and compare the annual physical training characteristics between Norwegian female cross-country (XC) skiers and biathletes across competition levels and age categories. Methods Daily training sessions for one year were recorded for 45 XC skiers and 26 biathletes, comprising international/national-team [inter(national)] and non-national/regional-team members (non-national) ...
    • The Influence of Menstrual-Cycle Phase on Measures of Recovery Status in Endurance Athletes: The Female Endurance Athlete Project. 

      De Martin Topranin, Virginia; Engseth, Tina Pettersen; Hrozanova, Maria; Taylor, Madison; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher; Noordhof, Dionne Adriana (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-09-19)
      Purpose: To investigate the influence of menstrual-cycle (MC) phase on measures of recovery status, that is, resting heart rate, perceived sleep quality, and physical and mental readiness to train, among female endurance athletes. <p> <p>Methods: Daily data were recorded during 1 to 4 MCs (ie, duration ≥21 and ≤35 d, ovulatory, luteal phase ≥10 d) of 41 trained-to-elite-level female endurance ...
    • The influence of tactical positioning on performance in sprint cross-country skiing 

      Haugnes, Pål; Kocbach, Jan Martin; Noordhof, Dionne Adriana; Kjøsen Talsnes, Rune; Ettema, Gertjan; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-06-23)
      The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of tactical positioning on performance in the heats of sprint cross-country (XC) skiing among men and women and the consistency of overtaking events over repeated competitions on the same racecourse. Thirty male and thirty female elite to world-class level skiers within each competition [(sprint International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS) ...
    • Long-Term Development of Training Characteristics and Performance-Determining Factors in Elite/International and World-Class Endurance Athletes: A Scoping Review 

      Staff, Hanne Cesilie; Solli, Guro Strøm; Osborne, John Owen; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-05-13)
      Objective - In this scoping review, we aimed to 1) identify and evaluate existing research that describes the long-term development of training characteristics and performance-determining factors in male and female endurance athletes reaching an elite/international (Tier 4) or world-class level (Tier 5), 2) summarize the available evidence and 3) point out existing knowledge gaps and provide ...
    • New insights from Norwegian and Swedish sports coaches' employment, practices, and beliefs during the first Covid-19 movement restriction period 

      Severin, Anna Cecilia; Skovereng, Knut; Björklund, Glenn; Hemmestad, Liv B; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher; Sandbakk, Silvana Bucher (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-27)
      Introduction: This study (i) examined Norwegian and Swedish sports coaches’ employment, practices, and beliefs during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, (ii) compared these aspects between coaches in Norway and Sweden, two countries with clearly different movement restrictions strategies in this period.<p> <p>Methods: An online survey was distributed to coaches via email and social media. The ...
    • The perceived influence of menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptives on training and performance: Comparison between football, handball, and orienteering 

      Ekenros, Linda; von Rosen, Philip; Solli, Guro Strøm; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher; Holmberg, Hans-Christer; Hirschberg, Angelica L; Fridén, Cecilia (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-12)
      Recently, we published self-reported data concerning the perceived effects of the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptives on the training and performance of 1086 female athletes participating in 57 sports. However, studies comparing differences between sports with large sample sizes are lacking. The aim of this ancillary study was to compare the impact of the menstrual cycle and hormonal ...
    • Performance-Related Physiological and Haematological Changes During Pregnancy and Postpartum in a Well-Trained Cyclist Performing Endurance Training 

      Almquist, Nicki Winfield; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher; Solli, Guro Strøm (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-09)
      Purpose: To describe the performance-related physiological and haematological changes in a well-trained cyclist (peak oxygen uptake, VO<sub>2peak</sub>: 54.9 ml min<sup>−1</sup>·kg<sup>−1</sup>) performing endurance training during pregnancy and postpartum.<p> <p>Methods: Training data was systemized by training form (endurance and resistance), intensity (low- (LIT), moderate-, and high-intensity ...
    • Physiological and Biomechanical Determinants of Sprint Ability Following Variable Intensity Exercise When Roller Ski Skating 

      Seeberg, Trine Margrethe; Kocbach, Jan; Danielsen, Jørgen; Noordhof, Dionne; Skovereng, Knut; Hatling Haugnes, Pål; Tjønnås, Johannes; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-25)
      The most common race format in cross-country (XC) skiing is the mass-start event, which is under-explored in the scientific literature. To explore factors important for XC skiing mass-starts, the main purpose of this study was to investigate physiological and biomechanical determinants of sprint ability following variable intensity exercise when roller ski skating. Thirteen elite male XC skiers ...
    • Physiological and Biomechanical Responses to Cross-Country Skiing in Varying Terrain: Low- vs. High-Intensity 

      Seeberg, Trine Margrethe; Kocbach, Jan; Danielsen, Jørgen; Noordhof, Dionne; Skovereng, Knut; Meyer, Frederic; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-11)
      The purposes of our study were to investigate the physiological and biomechanical responses to low-intensity (LI) and high-intensity (HI) roller ski skating on varying terrain and compare these responses between training intensities. Nine elite male skiers performed treadmill roller skiing consisting of two 21 min sessions (7 × 3 min laps) at LI and HI with the same set inclines and intensity-dependent ...
    • The return from underperformance to sustainable world-class level: A case study of a male cross-country skier 

      Talsnes, Rune Kjøsen; Moxners, Einar Flaktveit; Nystad, Trond; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-01-09)
      Purpose: To determine the main factors associated with unexpected underperformance and prospectively describe the holistic process of returning to sustainable world-class level in a male cross-country skier.<p> <p>Methods: Longitudinal training data was retrospectively analyzed across nine seasons (2012-2013 to 2020-2021), and categorized into training forms (endurance, strength, and speed), ...
    • The Training Characteristics of World-Class Male Long-Distance Cross-Country Skiers 

      Torvik, Per Øyvind; Solli, Guro Strøm; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-25)
      Purpose: To investigate the training characteristics of world-class long-distance cross-country skiers. Methods: Twelve world-class male long-distance cross-country skiing specialists reported training from their best season, through a questionnaire and follow-up interviews. Training data were systemized by training form (endurance, strength, and speed), intensity [low- (LIT), moderate- (MIT), ...